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[Antibodysystem] Development of Bispecific Antibodies: The Critical Role of Mouse Models

관리자 2024-10-29 조회수 68



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Development of Bispecific Antibodies: The Critical Role of Mouse Models

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are experiencing unprecedented growth, drawing the attention of major pharmaceutical companies and biotech firms worldwide. Recently, Merck & Co. (MSD) acquired the global rights to CD19/CD3 BsAb CN201 from Tolerogen Bio for $1.3 billion, underscoring the immense value of these innovative therapeutics in the market. BsAb technology, which targets two distinct molecules simultaneously, not only activates the immune system but also effectively eliminates tumor cells. This dual functionality demonstrates promising potential in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and immune-related diseases.

Fig 1. Mechanism of Action of Bispecific Antibodies

The development of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) requires rigorous preclinical validation, and mouse bispecific antibodies play a pivotal role in this process. These antibodies are instrumental in the early screening and optimization of BsAb structures, ensuring both efficacy and safety of candidate drugs. They also lay a solid foundation for the subsequent development of humanized antibodies. As therapeutic strategies continue to evolve, mouse BsAbs provide new research pathways for enhancing the efficacy of bispecific drugs.

Key Role of Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) and Mouse Models

Bispecific antibodies are a unique class of antibodies capable of targeting two distinct molecules or antigens simultaneously. By bridging two targets, BsAbs can precisely direct immune cells to specific sites, such as tumor cells, and either activate or inhibit specific signaling pathways. This dual-targeting approach enhances therapeutic specificity and efficacy. BsAbs are widely used in various fields, including cancer immunotherapy, hematological disorders, and autoimmune disease interventions.

Mouse bispecific antibodies are specifically designed for use in mouse models, simulating their mechanism of action in human systems. They are critical tools in the early stages of drug development, facilitating the selection and optimization of candidate molecules. Due to their short development cycles, low costs, and the absence of immune rejection (common with non-mouse antibodies), mouse BsAbs provide essential support for the development of humanized antibodies, accelerating the launch of innovative therapeutics.

Fig. 2 Various Designs and Structures of Bispecific Antibodies

Advantages and Applications of Mouse Bispecific Antibodies

■Rapid Screening and Optimization:
Mouse BsAbs provide an efficient platform for fast antibody screening, thanks to their short development cycles.

■Cost-Effective and Easy to Use:
Compared to humanized antibodies, mouse BsAbs are more cost-effective, making them ideal for large-scale screening and analysis.

■Elimination of Immune Rejection:
Using mouse-derived antibodies in mouse models avoids immune rejection, ensuring experimental consistency and stability.

■Support for Humanized Antibody Development:
The data generated with mouse BsAbs provide critical insights for the subsequent development and validation of humanized antibodies.

Common Targets and Applications of Bispecific Antibodies

Target Pair

Application

Clinical Progress / Development Direction

Representative Drugs / Research Progress

PD-1&PD-L1

Immune checkpoint blockade, enhancing T-cell activity

Widely used for melanoma, NSCLC, and other solid tumors

Keytruda (pembrolizumab), Opdivo (nivolumab)

PD-1&CD47

Suppresses immune evasion, boosts macrophage activity

Phase I/II for refractory solid and hematological tumors

Magrolimab (anti-CD47 antibody) in development

PD-1&CD3E

Redirects T-cells to increase tumor killing

Experimental stage for solid and hematologic tumors

Multiple platforms in development

PD-L1&CD47

Enhances macrophage and T-cell synergy to inhibit tumor growth

Preclinical studies targeting solid and resistant tumors

Intended for PD-1/PD-L1-resistant patients

PD-L1&OX40

Activates T-cells to enhance immune response

Phase I trials for recurrent tumors

Developing OX40 agonist combination therapies

PD-L1&CD28

Activates co-stimulatory signals, boosts T-cell responses

Early clinical development focusing on tumor microenvironment

Research in progress

CD198 (CCR7)&CD3E

Induces T-cell killing in hematological malignancies

Clinical trials for leukemia

Targeted antibodies in development for T-cell therapies

CD20&CD3E

Targets B-cell lymphomas, enhancing immune killing

Phase II/III clinical trials, some therapies approved

Mosunetuzumab (bispecific antibody)

LAG3&PD-L1

Dual checkpoint blockade for resistant tumors

Effective in melanoma and other resistant cancers

Relatlimab (anti-LAG3) + Opdivo

LAG3&PD-1

Enhances T-cell activation for immune-resistant tumors

Phase III clinical trials

Relatlimab with PD-1 inhibitors in combination

CD276 (B7-H3)&CD3E

Targets multiple solid tumors, enhances T-cell killing

For tumors resistant to PD-1 therapy

Enoblituzumab in clinical development

GPC3&CD3E

Targets hepatocellular carcinoma, improves immune response

Phase I/II trials for GPC3-positive liver cancer

Developed by AstraZeneca and Zymeworks

ROR1&CD3E

Targets triple-negative breast cancer, enhances T-cell killing

Developing ADCs for refractory cancers

VLS-101 in Phase I trials

Nectin4&CD3E

Targets bladder cancer, improves immunotherapy outcomes

ADCs already approved for bladder cancer

Padcev (enfortumab vedotin)

CTLA-4&PD-L1

Dual checkpoint blockade to enhance T-cell activity

Various therapies in clinical trials

Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) + Opdivo

CTLA-4&OX40

Enhances anti-tumor immunity by activating T-cells

Phase I studies for recurrent tumors

Multiple combination therapies in development

AntibodySystem Mouse BsAb Products and Services

To support proof-of-concept (POC) research, AntibodySystem has developed a series of mouse bispecific antibodies specifically for in vivo experiments. These products are available through authorized distributors and are accompanied by fast delivery services. In addition, AntibodySystem offers custom target design and bispecific antibody development services to meet diverse research needs.

■Fully Mouse-Derived Designs:
Avoid heterologous reactions, ensuring compatibility and stability in mouse models.

■IgG-Like Structures:
Provide enhanced stability and activity in experiments, ensuring reliable results.

■Low Endotoxin, High Purity:
Meets strict standards for in vivo studies, ideal for preclinical cancer research.

Recommended Mouse Bispecific Antibody (BsAb) Product List

Catalog No.

Product Name

VMJ04001

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CD276/B7-H3 & CD3E Bispecific Antibody

VMD10801

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CD19 & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0224)

VMC90701

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CD20 & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0225)

VMD17203

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CTLA4 & PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0226)

VMD17204

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CTLA4 & OX40 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0227)

VMG76701

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse F4/80 & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0232)

VME62001

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse TRP-1 & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0236)

VME62002

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse TRP-1 & CD47 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0237)

VME62003

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse TRP-1 & OX40 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0238)

VME30301

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse CD200 & CD47 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0239)

VMH02204

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-1 & PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0240)

VMG17603

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-1 & CD47 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0241)

VMJ70104

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-L1 & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0242)

VMG17601

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-L1 & CD47 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0243)

VME43201

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-L1 & OX40 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0244)

VMC83401

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse PD-L1 & CD28 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0245)

VMK06901

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse VISTA & PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0246)

VMH72401

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse TIGIT & PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0247)

VMD72101

InVivoMAb Anti-Mouse NKG2D & CD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0248)

VMC27701

InVivoMAb Anti-Fluorescein & mCD3e Bispecific Antibody (Iv0233)

VMJ70103

InVivoMAb Anti-Fluorescein & mPD-L1 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0234)

VMG17602

InVivoMAb Anti-Fluorescein & mCD47 Bispecific Antibody (Iv0235)

 



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